DIRECT SPEECH & INDIRECT SPEECH

name : Neliawati
NPM : 15216380
class  : 1EA06
group : 2
Dosen : Rose Diana

courses : english

•Direct Speech

Direct Speech is a sentence that has spoken directly from the speaker. We may quote the actual words of the speaker. This method is called Direct Speech.

example : They said, “We are going to cinema”.

•Indirect Speech

Indirect Speech is a sentence that has spoken indirectly from the speaker. We may report what he said without quoting his exact words. This method is called Indirect Speech or Reported Speech.

 

example : They said that they were going to cinema.

Structure

•It will be seen that in Direct Speech.

o The exact words of the speaker have been used.

o The wordy quoted have been put within Quotation Marks or Inverted Commas.

o The first letter of the quotation begins with a capital letter.

o There is always a comma of a colon after 'said' that introduces the spoken words.

RULE OF CHANGING THE TENSE

1.     Simple present changes into simple past

2.     Future, Present Conditional & Future Continuous, Conditional Continuous

FUNCTIONS

The future continuous refers to an unfinished action or event that will be in progress at a time later than now. The future continuous is used for quite a few different purposes.

FUTURE CONTINUOUS

I said to him, “ I will be waiting for him”

She said,” I will be shifting to new home”

He said, “I will be working hard”

He said, “He will not be flying kite”

SON formula

1^st person = Subject

2^nd person= Object

3^rd person= No change

•         If subject of the quoted words is in 1^st person then it will change according to the subject of the reported verb

             e.g. -   He said to me, “I like coffee.”

                             He told that he liked coffee.

•         If subject of the quoted words is in 2^nd person then it will change according to the object of reporting verb

              e.g. - He said to me, “You look happy.”

                      He told that I looked happy.

•         If the subject of the quoted words is in 3^rd person then there will be no change.

             e.g. - He said to me, “She has already left.”

                           He told that she had already left.

Change of Adverbs

In Adverbs of Time and Place.

This	That
Today	That day
These	Those
Now	Then
Here	There
Tomorrow	The following/ next day
Yesterday	The previous day/the day before
Tonight	That night

•      He said, “ I shall discuss this matter next week.”

   He said that he would discuss that matter the following week.

•      She said, “ We shifted to this house two weeks ago.”

   She said that they had shifted to that house two weeks before.

Exclamatory Sentence

In Exclamatory Sentences, reporting verb is changed into exclaimed with joy/sorrow/anger/surprise, etc. That is used.

Examples :

v  He said, “How beautiful a place!”

•       He exclaimed with joy that it was a very beautiful place.

v  Rohan said, “Alas! His father died.”

•       Rohan exclaimed with sorrow that his father had died.

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